中国地下水资源质量评价(Ⅱ)——地下水水质现状和污染分析

Assessment of groundwater quality in China: Ⅱ.Groundwater quality and pollution analysis

对我国平原区浅层地下水水质现状进行了评价。初步评价结果表明,我国地下水水质形势严峻,劣质水分布面积占平原区面积近60%。高矿化度地下水分布比较广泛,总硬度和矿化度成为地下水主要的超标因子。铁、锰、氟等水文地球化学组分对地下水水质也有明显的影响,除天然因素外,地下水受人为污染的程度十分严重,全国有近25%平原区地下水受到不同程度的污染。在人口和社会经济活动密集的流域,地下水污染已经呈现大范围扩散的态势。地下水保护形势十分迫切,指出要客观认识到地下水水质的先天因素和人为污染的区别,有针对性地进行地下水的保护。

The quality of shallow groundwater of plains in China was assessed. The results show that groundwater is seriously polluted as poor quality water covers nearly 60 % of the plain regions. Groundwater of high salinity is widely distributed, and hardness and salinity are two major contributors for the poor quality. Besides, iron, manganese and fluorine are also the major chemical components influencing the groundwater quality. The results also indicate that human-induced pollution is also evident. Area with polluted shallow groundwater is about 26% of the plain areas in China. Groundwater pollution in the densely populated plains is becoming worse in the last decades. We must distinguish between the natural and manmade factors of groundwater pollution and protect the groundwater with different measures suitable for local areas as soon as possible.