大学生危机管理及预警系统

Crisis management and forecast system of university students

目的:针对中国大学生心理危机现象已呈逐年上升趋势,回顾中国关于危机管理方面的研究,将危机预警管理引入高校管理工作,大胆提出了在建立高校危机预警系统的观点,将高校危机预警与大学生心理健康教育结合起来,是高校加强大学生心理健康教育的一种新的尝试,在国内尚属超前。资料来源:应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库2000-01/2005-11的相关文章,检索词“大学生心理危机、危机管理、危机预警”,限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:纳入条件为试验研究类文章,对试验研究文章中随机、盲法、对照等条件未作限制,对观察对比研究、经验总结、个案报告等文献不予采用,排除重复性研究文章。资料提炼:共收集27篇关于大学生心理危机干预及预警系统方面的研究文献,纳入6篇,排除21篇。资料综合:综述高校危机管理的必要性、高校危机管理中的预警系统,提出学校的危机预警管理有两大任务:①防患于未然,将危机扼杀在篮里。②对于已经爆发的危机,要准确快速地认识、评估危机,为下一阶段的危机事件处理做好先期准备工作,提出建立高校的危机预警管理制度。结论:高校的危机管理必将引起高度重视,高校的危机管理以及预警制度建设必将成为学校管理工作的一个重要组成部分。学校不仅要将危机管理制度化,而且还要将危机管理常规化、规范化。建立大学生心理危机预警系统,通过对大学生危机的监测,可以把危机的损害和不利影响降到最小范围,防止危机的危害的进一步扩大。高校危机管理的实质是:“安而不忘危、治而不忘乱、存而不忘亡”,引导大学生正确应对危机,认识危机中蕴含着新的生机,认识到生活中只要有挑战和学习的机会存在,他们就会经历发展过程中必然要经历的心理危机,要学会面对危机,及时把握转机,促进大学生身心和谐的发展。

OBJECTIVE： In our country, the occurrence of mental crisis in college students has been aseending every year, but little research work has been done on this management and foreeast system. In this research, the concept of crisis management is applied into universities and colleges to combine the eoneept of erisis forecast with the mental health education, attempting to intensify the mental health education of the university students, which is an advanced work in our country. DATA SOURCES： Computer-based online search of Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Wanfang Database were undertaken to identify related articles published in Chinese between January 2000 and November 2005 with the key words of ＂mental crisis of university students, crisis management, crisis forecast＂. STUDY SELECTION： Inclusive criteria： experimental research articles, without limitation on randomized, blind or control design; the comparative study, academic summary, case report and repetitive research were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： Among the 27 collected articles on crisis intervention and forecast system of university students, 6 ones were included and 21 were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS： The necessity of crisis management and the forecast system in crisis management were summed up, meanwhile, we put forward there were two tasks in crisis forecast management： ①To prevent accidents from happening, which meant to stifle crisis in the cradle. ②As to the crisis occurred, we should recognize and evaluate it accurately and rapidly, to well prepare for the crisis appeared in the next stage and establish a management system for crisis forecast. CONCLUSION： The crisis management and forecast system of the university students are bound to catch more attention, which are important components of management in universities. The schools should not only institutionalize the crisis management, but also make it regularization and normalization, because the mental crisis forecast system could decrease the damage and disadvantages to the minimum through monitoring to the students＇ crisis, which prevents the crisis from expending. The essence of the crisis management is： ＂In security, we should never forget about the dangets; in survival, we should never forget about the downfall; and in times of peace, we should always be in alert to the potential, of the chaos＂, which lead the students to face the crisis rightly and understand the new opportunities in crisis, make them understand as long as there are challenges and opportunities to study in life, they will experience the mental crisis, therefore, they must learn to face the crisis, hold the opportunities so as to promote physical and mental development harmoniously.