小浪底水库调水调沙减少黄河下游河道淤积的研究

Study of Siltation Reduction in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Through Sediment and Flow Regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservior

应用新的水动力学数学模型计算了不同运用方案库区及下游的冲淤情况，提出了一种对下游减淤较好的新的控蓄速冲调水调沙运用方式，计算结果经分析基本合理。各方案５０年内包括调水调沙效益的拦沙减淤比为０．８１５～１．２３８，下游总减淤１２８～８６亿ｔ，相当不淤年限为３６～２４年，艾山以下河道也明显减淤。若小浪底水库采取新的调节方式且最低冲刷水位降至２０５ｍ以下，恢复初步设计泄流排沙能力，则后期依靠水库调水调沙可使下游获得较高的长期年平均减淤效益。

A new hydrodynamic mathmatical model is applied in the paper to calculate the siltation and erosion in Xiaolangdi reservior and its lower reaches in egiht designs,and a new beneficial operation program of controlling water storage and quick erosion in water and sediment regulation.for the reservior is suggested to reduce its lower reach siltation,which is recognized as reasonable after its calculation analysis. The ratio of siltation reduction including benefits of water and sediment regulation in advanced 50years for each design is 0.815 to 1.238,and the total sediment reduction in lower reaches is 8, 600 to 12,800 million tons that is equivalent to non-siltation life of 24 to 36 years with significant sediment reduction in lower reaches of Aishan. If the new regulation program is applied. in Xiaolangdi reservior,the lowest water level for erosion is below 205 meter,and the discharge capability of water and sediment of primary design is recovered,a perfect sediment reduction benefit of annual average will achieve in the lower reaches through the reservior regulating water and sediment.