从汲取型政权到“悬浮型”政权——税费改革对国家与农民关系之影响

Rural Fee Reform and the Changing Relationship between State and Peasant

本文试图通过分析政府行为来观察国家—农民关系的转变。通过对税费改革过程中政府间财政关系的考察,发现过去一直依靠从农村收取税费维持运转的基层政府正在变为依靠上级转移支付。在这个转变过程中,基层政府的行为模式也在发生改变,总的趋势是由过去的“要钱”“要粮”变为“跑钱”和借债。在这种形势下,基层政权从过去的汲取型变为与农民关系更为松散的“悬浮型”。

This paper is exploring the Rural Fee Reform from 2002 and its effect on the relationship between state and peasant. Based on the studies in 12 townships, 3 counties, the author found that the basis of local government finance had been transformed from rural fees and levies to inter-governmental transfers and debts. This may cause some fundamental changes in state-peasant relationship: the ties between local government and peasant are becoming loose and the state power might start to retreat from rural societies.