2001～2005年遂昌县法定传染病重点疫情动态分析

Dynamic analysis on serious epidemic situations of notifiable diseases in Suicang County from 2001 to 2005

目的探讨遂昌县5年来法定传染病疫情动态及流行特征,为制定和完善传染病防治策略与措施提供科学依据。方法对传染病疫情报告数据进行统计和分析。结果各类传染病报告年均发病率为452.20/10万,死亡率为0.46/10万,病死率为0.08%。重点传染病主要为血源性传播传染病如乙型肝炎,年均发病率为176.38/10万,占发病总数的38.98%。细菌性痢疾年均发病率为84.91/10万,占发病总数的18.80%。淋病、梅毒等性病年均发病率为75.22/10万,占发病总数的16.71%。肺结核年均发病率为74.97/10万,占发病总数的16.59%。甲肝年均发病率为13.18/10万,占发病总数的2.91%。麻疹年均发病率为4.68/10万,占发病总数的1.03%。钩体病年均发病率为2.03/10万,占发病总数的0.45%。结论近年来由于预防措施落实,甲、乙类法定传染病发病率明显下降。加强卫生知识宣传,改善农村生活卫生环境,保证饮用水安全,提高疫苗接种率,是预防控制传染病的重要措施。

Objective The present study was made to discuss the dynamic and epidemic characteristics of notifiable diseases in Suicang County of recent five years, so as to provide scientific evidences for establishing and perfecting strategy and measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods The reported data on epidemic situation of infectious diseases were collected and analyzed. Results The reported annual average incidence rate of infectious diseases was 452.20/lakh, with death rate 0.46/lakh and the fatality rate 0.08 %. The important infectious diseases include mainly infectious diseases of blood source, such as hepatitis B, of which the annual average incidence rate was 176.38/lakh, 38.98% of the total number of incidence cases, bacillary dysentery, of which the annual average incidence rate was 84.91/lakh, 18.80% of the total number of incidence cases, and sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea and syphilis etc, of which the annual average incidence rate was 75.22/lakh, 16.71% of the total number of incidence cases, and also tuberculosis, hepatitis A, measles, and leptospirosis, of which the annual average incidence rates were 74.97/lakh, 13.18/lakh, 4.68/lakh, and 2.03/lakh respectively, and 16.59%, 2.91%, 1.03%, and 0.45% of the total number of incidence cases accordingly. Conclusion In recent years, the incidence rates of notifiable diseases of Type A and B have been significantly decreased for effective preventive measures. Reinforcing propaganda of health knowledge, improving living and hygienic environment in rural areas, ensuring safety of drink water, increasing vaccination rate are important measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases.