凡纳滨对虾亲虾性腺成熟节律和交配率

Gonad maturating rhythm and mating rate in Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock

在水温（27±2）℃、盐度29±2、pH7．8～8．5、光强1000lx的条件下，对来自中国台湾省的体质量为35～45g的凡纳滨对虾（Litolerlaeus vannamei Boone 1931）亲虾的性腺成熟节律和交配进行了为期73d的繁育实验，样品为1300对，3个批次。结果表明，雌虾术后卵巢成熟率分4期：Ⅰ期（1～9d）入池适应术后效应期；Ⅱ期（10～16d）低成熟率期，Ⅲ期（17～51d）成熟率渐上升期，Ⅳ（52～73d）平稳期；雄虾精荚形成率分3期：Ⅰ期（1～12d）入池适应与术后效应期；Ⅱ期（13～51d）平缓上升期，Ⅲ期（52～73d）平稳期。在95％的概率保证程度下，雌亲虾卵巢成熟率为9．73％，波动区间9．14％～11．53％；雄虾精荚形成率6．63％，波动区间5．87％～7．38％；平均交配率为61．43％，波动区间58.85％～64．00％。在繁殖过程中，雌虾卵巢再成熟时间间隔9．68d，可多次成熟的次数19．49次，雄虾精荚再形成时间15．10d，可多次形成的次数为12．50次。此外还就影响雌虾卵巢成熟和雄虾精荚形成的因素以及如何提高交配率进行了详细的讨论。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：579—584]

Beginning in 1988, Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced into China, and 1998 on a commercial scale. China now has a large and flourishing industry for Litopenaeus vannamei, with China's Mainland producing more than 270 000 metric tonnes in 2002, 300 000 metric tonnes （71 percent of the country＇s total shrimp production） in 2003, and 367 500 metric tonnes （78.5 percent of the country＇s total shrimp production） in 2004, which is higher than the current production of the whole of the Americas. The intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei continues to expand, which need more seed to meet it＇s farming, seed production from the white shrimp matured in captivity is increasing continuously and is one of the most im- portant strategies in its farming activity. The aims of the present study were to probe into gonad maturating rhythm and mating rate in L. vannamei broodstock. This experiment was conducted to study the gonad maturating rhythm and mating rate of 1 300 pairs of pond-reared Litopenaeus vannarnei broodstock from Taiwan with body weight of 35 - 45 g. The experiment period was 73 d, water temperature （27±2）℃, salinity 29±2, pH 7.8 - 8.5, and light intensity 1 000 lx. The results showed that during the reproductive tame, the daily ovarian maturating rate of the broodstock was divided into four stages： surgical stimulatire maturating stge（1 -9 d）, low maturating rate stage （10- 16 d）, stage （17- 51 d） and smooth maturating rate stage （17- 51 d） and smooth maturating rate stage （52 - 73 d）. And daily spermatophore generating rate was divided into three stages： surgical generating stage （ 1 ～ 12 d）, increasing generating stage （13- 51 d） and smooth generating stage （52- 73 d） and their daily mating rate is divided into three stages： no mating rate stage （1 - 12 d）, increasing mating rate stage （ 13 - 51 d） and smooth mating rate stage （52 - 73 d）. Under the guarantee probability of 95%,the average daily ovarian maturating rate of female was 10.33%, fluctuation interval was [9.14% -11.53 % ], and the average daily speratophore generating rate of male was 6.63 %, fluctuation interval was[5.87% -7.38%]. And their average mating rate was 61.43%, fluctuation interval was [58.85% -64.00 % ]. During the reproductive tame culture, the interperiod and times of the ovarian maturation of female were 9.68 and 19.49 times respectively. And the interperiod and times of the spermatophore generation of male were in 15.10 d and 12.50 times respectively. This paper discussed not only the factors affecting on the ovarian maturation of female and the spermatophore generation male, but also how to increase their mating rate in detail. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13（4） ：579 -584]