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中国东北样带羊草群落C_3和C_4植物功能群生物量及其对环境变化的响应 被引量:41

The biomass of C_3 and C_4 plant function groups in Leymus chinensis communities and theirs response to environmental change along Northeast China transect
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摘要 在全球动态植被模型的发展中,受限于人力、物力和财力使得在物种水平上的研究变得既不可能也无必要。植物功能群的划分是从生态学的,而不是系统发育的角度来相互比较地对待不同地区的植物,从而削减了植被变化研究中植物分类群的数量,已成为研究植被变化及生物多样性对生态系统功能作用的重要单位。植物的不同光合途径(C3、C4和CAM)从叶片组织结构到生理功能,从生态适应到地理分布均表现出对不同水、热、光环境的响应,是理想的植物功能群分类。为此,分析了中国东北样带以羊草(Leymus chinensis)为建群种或共建种的草原群落植物光合类型功能群生物量及其与群落初级生产力和环境变化的关系。结果表明:(1)C4植物生物量具有明显的变化规律,且对环境变化的响应显著,其变异性较高,更能反映样地间环境变化的差异;(2)C4与C3植物变化具有明显的互补性,并且多数C4植物常在逆境中起到更大作用,如干旱化、盐碱化和放牧干扰;(3)C4植物种类少,在所有调查样方中仅出现7种,占总出现种类的9.72%。这些特点说明C4植物可以考虑作为评估和预测我国温带草原植被及其生态系统变化的重要植物功能群。 In the development of dynamic global vegetation model, under the limit of manpower, material and financial resources, the studies on species level not only were unlikely, but also were unnecessary. Plant function groups differentiated the plants of different regions from ecological aspect but not from system develop aspect, consequently the number of plants was put down. Now plant function groups have been the important units studying global vegetation change and the ecosystem function of biodiversity.The different photosynthesis approaches of plant, C3 , C4 and CAM, showed the different response to water, temperature and light from leaf tissue structure to physiological function and from ecological adaptability to geographical distribution. Therefore plant photosynthetic groups were some perfect plant function groups analyzing global vegetation change. Using Northeast China Transect (NECT) as our study flat roof, we analysed the relations of plant photosynthetic function groups ( C3 and C4 plants) and community biomass and environment changes in the grassland communities that Leymus chinensis is an edificatory of communities. Our sampling area are located in the steppe segment (125°- 115°E) of NECT using 43.5°N as middle axes. From east to west, they are in turn the Changehun agricultural area ( 123°-125°E) in the center of Northeast China Plain, the meadow and meadow steppe area (122°-124°E) in the south of Songnen Plain, the Kerqing sandlot steppe area (119°- 123°E) in the middle of Songliao Plain, the type steppe area ( 113°- 119°E) in the center of Inner Mongolia Altiplano and the desert steppe area ( 108°-113°E) in the northeast of Ulanzabu Altiplano. All studied zone covered 1000km. Although our sampling area are basically a same latitude, but from east to west the sampling site is gradually elevatory in height above sea level (from 240m to 1480m) and is farther and farther from sea, hence the water and heat condition of sampling area is worse and worse. The maximal value of annual average temperature is 5.9℃ of Tongliao weather station in Kerqing sandlot area, the minimal value is 1.1℃ of Abaga weather station in the west of sampling area. The annual precipitation decreases gradually from 500 - 600mm of Changchun weather station locating in the east of studied zone to 200- 300mm of Abaga weather station locating in the west of studied zone. From east to west, the annual precipitation has decreased 50%. The studied results showed: the relation between C4 plants biomass and 4 environment factors including to annual precipitation, annual average temperature, soil water percent and elevation was some marked valley type functions ( R2 〉 0.5, p 〈 0.05), and the C4 plants biomass was higher in the two end of aridity and saline-alkali habitat. Under grazing disturbance, C3 plants biomass was evidently decreased, and C4 plants biomass was evidently increased. The changes of C3 and C4 plants biomass were an redeeming mechanism for some ecological loss, therefore in maintaining ecosystem primary productivity, not only the different plant growth-form function groups played an important role, but also the plant photosynthetic function groups exerted an important influence. In ungrazing plats, the ratio of C4 plant function groups biomass was only 12.82% of the total biomass of communities, but in grazing plats, it was increased to 42.49 %. In the light of the variation of biomass, the variation coefficient of C4 plants (1.10 under ungrazing, 0.66 under grazing)was bigger than that of C3 plants (0.16 under ungrazing, 0.48 under grazing), hence the biomass of C4 plant function groups was more evident in response to environmental changes than of C3 plant function groups. In all samples, the discovered C4 plant species were Chloris virgata, Cleistogenes squarrosa, ArundineUa hirta,Setaria lutescens, Kochia prostrata, Kochia sieversiana and Salsola collina, of which Chloris virgata, ArundineUa hirta and Kochia sieversiana distributed in the saline-alkali Leymus chinensis meadow community in the Songnen Plain, Setaria lutescens distributed in the sandlot habitat, Salsola collina appeared in the Leymus chinensis + Stipa krilovii community and in the sandlot habitat, Kochia prostrata appeared in the type steppe, meadow steppe and sandlot habitat, Cleistogenes squarrosa distributed in the all sampled plats except the severe saline-alkali habitat. Under grazing disturbance, Cleistogenes squarrosa as an edificator was composed of the grazing succession types of all studied communities not including severe saline-alkali habitat. On the basic of above analyses, we brought forward the conclusions below: (1) C4 plants biomass had some complex and sensitive response to environment change and its variation coefficient was bigger, therefore the change of C4 plant function groups could sensitively reflect the environment change; (2) the changes of C3 and C4 plants biomass had evident compensation, and in NECT, a number of C4 plants were often discovered in some stress, for example in the arid or saline-alkali habitat; (3) C4 plants species was fewer, only 7 species was appeared in the all studied communities, accounting for 9.72 % of the total species, Hereby C4 plants was fit for the fundaments of plant functional groups conception. The above conclusions showed C4 plants as an important plant function groups may be used to evaluate and forecast the change of the grassland vegetation or ecosystem in Chinese temperate zone.
出处 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第6期1825-1832,共8页 Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金 国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G1999043407) 省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室开放基金资助项目(DS2004-20)~~
关键词 中国东北样带 羊草群落 C3和C4植物功能群 生物量 环境变化 Northeast China Transect( NECT) Leymus chinensis communities C3 and C4 plant function groups biomass environmental change
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