对地膜和秸秆覆盖玉米生长发育与产量的分析

Analysis of Growth and Development and Yield of Corn Mulched with Plastic Film and Straw

两年盆栽和大田玉米覆盖试验结果表明,秸秆和地膜覆盖都不同程度地增加了玉米株高、茎粗、净光合速率和单株干物质积累量等;地膜覆盖的促进作用在玉米生育前期较大,而秸秆覆盖的作用则主要表现在玉米生育中后期。秸秆和地膜覆盖增产的主要原因均为玉米穗长和穗粒数的增加,在本试验条件下,秸秆和地膜覆盖的增产效应主要表现在拔节至抽雄及雌穗分化发育阶段,而对后期粒重形成影响不大。

The effects of straw mulching （SM） and plastic film mulching （PM） on corn growth and yield were studied by pot and field experiments in two years. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, net photosynthetic rate, and accumulation of dry matter in root and shoot of corn were increased by SM and PM. The promotion effect of PM treatment on corn growth and development was bigger at the earlier stage of corn growth, while that of SM treatment mainly at the middle and later stages of corn growth. The reason of increasing corn yields by SM and PM was mainly due to the increases of ear length and grains per ear, indicating the effects of SM and PM on corn yields were performed at jointing to heading stages when female ear differentiated and developed, while not at seed-filling period under the experimental condition.