“文化大革命”成因中苏联因素论析

Examining the USSR Influences in the Cause of the "Cultural Revolution"

针对苏共二十二大提出的“全民党”、“全民国家”的观点,中国共产党和毛泽东依据马克思主义关于过渡时期的有关论述,对此进行了批判,认为苏联出现了“资产阶级特权阶层”,它篡夺了苏联党和国家的领导权,是苏联“修正主义”的阶级基础,同时又对照国内的情况,这种比照的结果,就是认为国内也出现了类似的问题,结果提出了“大过渡”的论断,使阶级斗争理论与实践进一步发展起来。此外,对苏联文化领域过分严重的估计又导致国内意识形态领域过火的批判。这些因素的综合效应,便是“文化大革命”的爆发。

In accordance with the viewpoints about ＂the Party for all the citizens＂ and ＂the state for all the citizens＂ presented in the 22nd National Congress of the Soviet Party,the CPC and Mao Zedong made some criticism according to the theory of transitional period by Marxism. They thought that ＂privileged stratum of bourgeois＂ appeared in the Soviet Union,which usurped the authority of the Soviet Party and the state and was the foundation of the revisionism in the country. The result from the comparison with the situation in China made them think that similar issues also appeared in China and draw the inference of ＂great transition＂ so that the theory and practice of class struggle got further developed. The excessive estimation about the cultural field in the Soviet Union caused too much criticism to the ideological sphere in China. The comprehensive effect from all the factors above mentioned are the reason why the ＂Cultural Revolution＂ broke out in China.