山东北部全新世的人地关系演变:以海岸变迁和海盐生产为例

MAN-NATURE RELATIONSHIP EVOLUTION DURING THE HOLOCENE IN NORTHERN SHANDONG EVIDENCED FROM COASTLINE CHANGES AND SEA-SALT PRODUCTION

根据先秦考古遗址地理分布的分析和郭井子贝壳堤的发掘和调查，复原了6．5—5．0kaB．P．，4．5—4．0kaB．P．和3．4—2．1kaB．P．的3条海岸线，它们大致与现代海岸线平行分布，年代自南向北逐渐年轻，揭示了山东北部地区全新世海侵和海退过程的主要环节，恢复了全新世海岸变迁的具体历程。对寿光大荒北央遗址出土盔形器内壁凝结物的XRF和XRD分析证明，本区沿海商周时期遗址出土的盔形器应是制盐器具，而沿海盔形器密集分布区与6．5—5．0kaB．P．的海岸线基本重合，表明商周时期海盐生产地域应在6．5—5．0kaB．P．和3．4—2．1kaB．P．的两条海岸线之间。本区的海盐生产与海岸变迁密切相关，人类适应环境和开发资源的主要手段就是从事海盐生产。在6．5—4．0kaB．P．，人类在滨海地带有了初步的海盐生产，开始了适应环境和利用自然资源的最早尝试，在3．4—2．1kaB．P．，人类又开始开采地下卤水生产海盐，使现今海拔9-10m以下的广阔地区成为产盐区。本区内陆的山前平原地带则是海盐的主要消费区，也是产盐区所需粮食和各种生产生活用品的供应区。这一分析对研究本区先秦时期的聚落功能演变具有重要意义，也是研究本区全新世人地关系演变的关键视角。

Based on geographic distributions of pre-Qin sites in Northern Shandong and the excavation and survey of Guojingzi shell-ridge, three ancient coastlines of 6.5 - 5.0kaB. P., 4. 5 - 4. 0kaB. P., and 3.4 - 2. 1kaB. P. can be defined. These coastlines roughly paralleled to modern coastline, and their ages became gradually younger from south to north. They represent the history of the Holocene transgression and regressions. The XRF and XRD analysis data of the Dahuangbeiyang Site indicate that those halmet inside deposits of the halmet-shaped potteries unearthed from the -shaped potteries should be vessels used during The concentrated distribution area of those halmet-shaped potteries unearthed have implied began to produce sea-salt at coast area during 6. 5 - 4. 0kaB. P. and began to exploit bittern sea-salt production. that local residents to produce sea-salt during 3.4 - 2.1kaB. P., effectively adapt themselves to environment changes. The present analysis offers a new angle of view to study the man-nature relationship evolution during the Holocene in Northern Shandong.