中国小城镇人居环境建设

China's Town Development

综合国内外学者的人居环境理论,结合中国国情提出了人居环境6层塔理论模型。模型从第6层到底层分别是:人类活动,建筑环境,居住社区环境,建成环境,社会环境和自然环境。从塔的顶层到底层,空间越来越广阔,但变化速度越来越慢。人居环境科学就是研究这6个层次环境以及其间的关系。总结认为:中国小城镇建设与发展模式有工业促进模式,农业依托模式,商贸引领模式,交通兴镇模式,旅游带动模式,城市辐射模式和专业型模式。中国小城镇人居环境发展的基本条件包括:工业发展,聚集规模,土地产权,规划整合,基础设施和集群发展。最后,提出了小城镇人居环境建设的5条原则,即资源节约和经济原则,环境友好和生态原则,地方传统和文脉原则,城乡统筹和协调原则,以及利益相关者参与原则。

Following the discussion on the definition of town, the theoretical model with six-story tower for human settlement development was proposed. In the model, the six strata from the top to the bottom are Human Activity （HA）, Architectural Environment （AE）, Residential Community Environment （RE）, Built Environment （BE）, Social Environment （SE）, and Natural Environment （NE） respectively. They are different in the scale of spaces, with NE being broadest and HA the narrowest, and different in the rate of change, with NE being the slowest, and HA the fastest. The science of human settlement studies the six strata and relationship among them. After that the development models including industry promotion, agricultural support, commercial lead, transportation background, tour driving, big city radiation, and specialty of industry are described. Then, basic conditions for town development including industrial development, scale, land ownership, planning integration, infrastructure and cluster development are illustrated. Finally, the five principles for town development including resource efficiency and economy, environment friendliness and ecology, local tradition and context, urban and rural plan as a whole and coordination, and stakeholder participation.