上海市月降尘量与气象因子间关系研究

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MONTHLY AMOUNT OF DUSTFALL AND METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS IN SHANGHAI

本文利用上海市1993～2003年月降尘量和同期气象资料，运用统计学方法和图表说明、物理解释相结合的方法，研究了降尘量的年、月际变化，表明：降尘量的年际变化存在明显的下降趋势；降尘量月际变化的高值出现在春、夏季月份，与北方燃煤量大的城市差别较大。同时更为详细地研究了降尘量和气象条件之间的关系，结果表明：风向、风速频率和雨日数是影响降尘量的主要气象因子，而温度、湿度对降尘量没有明显的影响，并简要说明了影响机制，解释了年、月际变化。

This paper investigated variations of monthly dustfall and meterological factors in Shanghai by the combination of statistical method, graphic illustration on the basis of monthly dustfall and corresponding meteorological factors from 1993 to 2003, results show that,monthly distribution of dustfall was higher in the season of spring and summer while lower in winter and autumn due to meteorological reason, it is different from northern city fueling coal in larger quantity. More important, the relationships between dustfall and meteorological reason were explored,it was found that the frequency of southern wind direction and high wind velocity, rainfall or rain days play a significant role in the quantity of monthly dustfall, and that the role of relative humidity and temperature might be negligible. Meanwhile, the contribution mechanism and interpretation of monthly variation were gived in brevity. In the text,we also illustrated that the method, which was a combination of statistic and graph, was a valid visual means to shot light on the relationships between dustfall and meteorological factors.