干旱半干旱地区采煤塌陷对沙质土壤水分特性的影响

Influence of Ground Collapse Caused by Coal Mining Activities on the Water Characteristics of Sandy Soil in Arid and Semi-arid Area

随着西部大开发政策的实施,在干旱、半干旱地区的大规模煤炭开采活动对环境造成的影响已日渐凸现,成为亟待解决的问题。本项研究以神府—东胜煤田的补连塔矿区为研究对象,针对采煤造成的地表塌陷是否对土壤水分特性产生影响进行了研究,结果显示:研究区土壤含水量在6、7月份相对较低,在3%左右;这一时期降雨量相对较少,大气蒸发力强,又处于植物生长旺盛季节,所以土壤水分的变化对植物生长影响极为显著。对土壤容重影响较大的因子是坡面坡度及土壤层次,采煤造成土体塌陷对土壤容重影响较小。塌陷区的土壤含水量一般小于非塌陷区。这主要是因为塌陷后产生的裂缝增大了土壤蒸发面积,进一步降低了土壤水分。

Investigations have been done on water characteristics of sandy soil in Bulianta coal mine of the Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field. Impacts of ground collapse caused by coal mining activities on the water characteristics have been determined： Results are showed as follow： ①Water content is relatively low in June and July in the investigated area, because there is relatively less rainfall in this period, and evaporation potential is to he increasing. Whereas it is the season when plant growing quickly. The impact on plant growth is the most noticeable. ②he Impact of coal mining activities on soil bulk density is small.③The height of water rising is 43cm in capillary pore of sandy soil, and the ground water table is 20m below, so majority of the plants growing there depend upon rainfall. ④Water content decrease in ground collapsed area. Because it has increased the evaporation surface of the soil after surface soil collapsing, and redticing the soil content further.