爱国主义与民族主义辨析

On Patriotism and Nationalism

现实生活中,爱国主义与民族主义这两个术语往往被等同使用,导致了严重的混淆。但就其本质而言,民族主义是爱国主义的变种,是爱国主义与恐外症的结合。因此,对待他者的态度差异,成为二者的本质性差别,并使民族主义往往被想象为“公德”,而爱国主义仍保持其“私德”地位。这种“公”“私”区分使“爱国主义的民族主义化”得以合法化。由于这些本质上和伦理上的区别,在表现层次上,民族主义要远比爱国主义来得盲目和非理性。真正的解决办法在于,坚持爱国主义是种“个人判断”或“私德”,并坚持反对民族主义的所谓“公德”的不适当要求。

The two terms,Patriotism and Nationalism,are often misused not only by the public but also by academics,which resulted in some terrible confusion.Combines patriotism with xenophobia,Nationalism itself is a variation of patriotism.The basic difference between the two is the attitude toward “others”,and which makes Nationalism recognized as a “public virtue”,while Patriotism being accepted as a “private virtue”.This distinction justifies the phenomenon of “nationalization of Patriotism”.And because of these distinctions of nature and ethics,Nationalism is always much more unreasonable and blind than Patriotism in terms of embodiment.The only possible way to solve these problems is to insist that patriotism is an “individual judgment” of “private virtue” and it could not be subjected to improper demands of so called “public” Nationalism.