广东罗坑自然保护区鳄蜥夏季生境特征

Summer Habitat Characteristics of the Chinese Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)in the Luokeng Nature Reserve,Guangdong

2005年6—8月,在广东省罗坑自然保护区对36处鳄蜥的生境特征进行了研究。采用样线调查法,在保护区内鳄蜥分布区随机选取了30条溪沟进行调查,对每处有鳄蜥分布的生境测量了15个相关的生态因子。通过主成分分析发现,回水塘长度和宽度、水源距离、水流速度、栖枝高度、栖枝直径、干扰距离、植被类型、植被盖度等9个生态因子对鳄蜥的生境选择有显著影响,而回水塘底质组成、回水塘水深、栖枝枯活状况、栖枝角度、溪沟类型和溪沟坡向6个生态因子的影响不显著。鳄蜥偏好的生境可归结为回水塘长度、宽度中等(均为1.0—2.0m),有位于水源正上方的栖枝,水流速度缓慢,栖枝高度0.5—1.0m、栖枝直径≤1.00cm,干扰距离>500m,植被类型为常绿阔叶林、植被盖度>60%的生境。建议提高当地居民的保护意识,重点保护水源林和溪沟两侧的植被。

Thirty-six habitat characteristics of Chinese crocodile lizards （ Shinisaurus crocodilurus ） were studied from July to August 2005 in the Luokeng Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province. In the distribution area of Chinese crocodile lizards in the Nature Reserve, we selected 30 streams by chance and used the line transect method to survey the animals and measured 15 ecological factors of the habitats of the animals. Results from Principle Components Analysis showed that nine ecological factors affected the habitat preference of Chinese crocodile lizards significantly. These included ： the width, and length of the backwater pool, the distance to water bodies, the water velocity, perch height, perch diameter, the dis- tance to human disturbance, vegetation coverage, and vegetation type. The influence of the composition of the pool bottom, the water depth, living and dry condition of the perch, perch slope, stream type and slope aspect were not significant. The habitat preference of Chinese crocodile lizards is ： middle width （ 1 - 2 m） and length （ 1 - 2 m） of backwater pool, above the water body, slow water velocity, middle perch height （0.5 - 1.0 m）, small perch diameter （ ≤1.00 cm）, far away from human disturbance （distance 〉 500 m）, broadleaf forest and coverage 〉 60%. It is necessary to improve the awareness of residents, protect water and conserve forest and vegetation on both sides of streams.