东北典型黑土区土壤风蚀环境分析

Soil Wind Erosion Environment in Black Soil Region in Northeastern China

根据1951～2000年的日平均风速、气温和降水数据以及1980～2000年的沙尘暴资料，分析东北典型黑土区的风蚀环境。结果表明，东北典型黑土区6个气象站点1～5月平均气温50年来显著升高，1～5月总降水量没有明显变化趋势。嫩江年大风日数1980年以来比1950～1960年多，年沙尘暴日数也有所上升，土壤风蚀环境趋于严重；哈尔滨等5地风蚀环境减弱。典型黑土区土壤风蚀环境在整个东北地区处于中等状态。

Based on the average daily wind speed data, average daily air temperature data, daily precipitation data of 1951 -2000, and the daily dust data of 1980 -2000, the wind erosion environment of black soil region in the northeastern China was analyzed. In the study area, the average air temperature from January to May has been increased markedly since 1951. And the total precipitation from January to May has no obvious change. In Nenjiang annual gale days in 1980 -2000 was much more than that in 1950 -1960, annual dust days have increased too, so the soil wind reosion environment in Nenjiang is serious than before. In Harbin and other stations in the study area soil wind erosion environment is weakening. In the whole northeastern China, the soil wind erosion environment is moderate.