广州市小汽车车厢内空气有机物污染状况调查

An investigation of air pollution of the car compartments by organic compounds in the city of Guangzhou

目的了解使用不同年限小汽车车厢内空气有机物污染状况及污染物浓度变化情况,为制定相应的防制对策提供依据。方法选择使用不同年限的151辆小汽车,分别测定车厢空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC的浓度,同时对驾驶人员的不良反应进行调查。结果63.6﹪的被调查车辆存在不同程度的车厢内空气污染。苯系物和TVOC的浓度在使用半年以内最高,以后逐渐降低。甲苯、二甲苯平均浓度严重超标,分别超出我国《室内空气质量标准》最高容许浓度的12.9倍、8.3倍,苯和TVOC浓度超标相对较少。而甲醛在使用1年以内的浓度最高,均值为0.238mg/m3,使用2年以上的甲醛平均浓度仍显著地高于对照组(P<0.05)。使用年限越短,皮肤和上呼吸道刺激症状的发生率越高,但眼部刺激症状的最高发生率却出现在使用后1年以内,2年以上的发生率仍显著地高于对照组。结论汽车装饰能造成车厢内严重空气污染,对驾乘者的身体健康危害较大。

Objective This study was designed to find out the status of air pollution in the car compartments used for different periods of time by organic compounds to provide data for the formulation of corresponding countermeasures for the prevention and control of the pollution. Methods 151 cars used for different periods of time were selected and the concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene and TVOC were detected. And at the same time the drivers were examined for side effects. Results It was found that 63.6 % of the cars detected had different extents of air pollution in their compartments. The concentrations of benzene series compounds and TVOC were highest within half an year＇s use, decreasing gradually later on. The average concentrations of toluene and dimethylbenzene substantially exceeded the standards, being 12.9-fold and 8.3-fold higher respectively than the maximum allowed concentrations stated in the ＂The Standards of Indoor air Quaulity＂ observed in China, with the extent of the concentrations of benzene and TVOC exceeding the standards relatively not so serious. The concentration of formaldehyde was highest with a year＇s use with a mean value of 0.238 mg/m3,and it was still significantly higher than that in the control after 2 year＇s use （P〈0.05）. The shorter the period of time a car was used , the higher the incidences of skin and upper respiratory tract irritation. The incidence of eye irritation was highest within a year＇s use, and it was still significantly higher than that in the control group after 2 year＇s use. Conclusion Car decoration may give rise to serious air pollution in the car compartment, causing grave harm to health of drivers.