降水再分配受雨强、坡度、覆盖度影响的机理研究

Research on Effecting Factors of Precipitation's Redistribution of Rainfall Intensity,Gradient and Cover Ratio

降雨过程中有诸多因素可以影响径流量和入渗量,根据11场模拟降雨实验的数据资料,采用单因素着手多因素分析的方法,最终得出以下几点结论:①降雨强度是影响径流和入渗的决定因素,但是覆盖度的增加可以影响到雨强的作用效果,主要表现为径流量的相对减少和入渗量的相对增加。②坡度对径流和入渗的作用效果会受到降雨强度的影响,即不同因素对径流和入渗的影响并不是简单因素影响值的几何相加,它们是互相促进的,影响效果将大于几何加值。③根据覆盖度产生原因的不同,覆盖度对径流和入渗产生影响的途径是不同的,因此不能一概而论。其中生物覆盖度,会由于植被的不同生长阶段及植株特征而引起覆盖度效果的弱化。

In the rainfall process there are many factors which can effect runoff and infiltration. On the basis of data from 15 simulated rainfalls, this article received several conclusions as follows： （1）As far as the effect on runoff and infiltration is concerned, rainfall intensity is the crucial factor which could be influenced by increase of cover ratio mostly with the comparative decrease of runoff and increase of infiltration. （2）Effect of gradient on runoff and infiltration can also be influenced by rainfall intensity, in other words, the effects of these factors will be influenced and promoted each other,and the finally effect will be stronger than the numerically sum of each sole effect. （3）There are different modes of effect on runoff and infiltration owing to different form reasons of cover ratio. For example, different growth periods and different plant characters will weaken the effect of biology cover ratio on runoff and infiltration.