方言中“把”表处置和表被动的历史层次

Historical Strata of Pa(把) Denoting Disposal and Passiveness in Chinese Dialect

“把”在很多方言中既作给予义动词,又用以构成处置句和被动句,宿松方言的“把”也同时具有这三种用法。“把”表处置来源于“执持”义动词“把”,反映的是唐以来的历史层次;“把”作被动标记由给予动词“把”语法化而来,反映的是元明以来的历史层次。

pa（把） is used as a verb meaning ＂to give＂, as a preposition denoting disposal and as a passive marker in many Chinese dialects, so is pa（把） in Susong dialect, pa（把） denoting disposal derives from verb pa（把） meaning ＂to take or to hold＂ in history, which is historical stratum of the Tang Dynasty. Passive marker pa（把） derives from verb pa（把） meaning ＂to give＂, which is historical stratum of the Yuan Dynasty.