黄河三角洲土地利用动态监测与海岸带综合管理

Monitoring Ecosystem Change and Land Resources Utilization in the Yellow River Delta

通过分析黄河三角洲体的发育过程、新生湿地自然生态演替过程（1984-2000）以及40年人类对土地利用的变化过程（1956—1996），研究黄河三角洲体景观的“空间格局与变化过程”，探索景观信息的时空特征。通过建立现代亚三角洲体在多重水沙两相河流和弱潮海洋动力系统的相互作用下的发育过程，分析了近、现代黄河三角洲体海岸带发育演化过程的基本“脉搏”，反演并模拟黄河三角洲体海岸带演变过程的动力环境，分析了黄河三角洲潮滩和水下三角洲的发育演化规律。将黄河三角洲土地生产力和生态环境条件（地形地貌、土壤质地、土壤盐碱度、土地养分、灌溉条件等）相结合，建立了黄河三角洲土地适宜性评价系统。

The Yellow River Delta is situated at 118°00′E - 119°20′E and 36°50′N - 38°10′N, in the floodplains and abandoned Yellow River mouth and its total area is about 8 000km^2. The ecosystem of Yellow River Delta has three features. Firstly, due to the young age of terrestrial land, various plant resources are still in the initial stage of succession and development. Secondly, the plant resources are continuously extending toward the coast so that the formation, development and succession of plant communities are still frequent. Thirdly, for few human disturbances, the formation, development and succession of various plant resources are taken in progress on the natural states. With the high sediment of the Yellow River, the river mouth extended about 2 km to sea and about 20 km of new land formed every year. At the same time, part of the area were being eroded. In general view, the Yellow River delta is under developed compared with other big river deltas in China. How to develop the delta in a sustainable way is now a big issue. Through the analysis of landform development of the Yellow River Delta, the natural succession of wetland system （ 1984 - 2000）, land use change in last 40 years （ 1956 - 1996）, and the landscape pattern and changes of the Yellow River Delta were studied. By use of Remote Sensing and GIS, a monitoring and evaluation model of soil salinity and coastline change were established. An evaluation system of land suitability was developed by integration of land productive and environmental background data （elevation, landform, soil texture, soil salinity）, and an integrated coast management strategy was developed.