产业地理集中度测度方法研究

THE EVALUATION METHODS OF THE GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF INDUSTRIES

产业空间集聚研究对于制定产业政策、促进区域经济发展具有重要意义。其研究依赖于对产业地理分布状况的准确测度。产业空间分布一直是经济地理学研究的热点,因此发展了多种产业地理集中测度方法。传统的Herfindahl指数、区位Gini系数是衡量产业地理集中程度最为常用的方法。近年来新发展的E—G指数、M—S指数、L函数、D函数、M函数是对传统方法的重要补充和提高,极大促进了产业地理集中研究的发展。上述方法可以分成两类:单一地理尺度方法和基于距离的多空间尺度方法。不同的方法各有成功和不足之处。文章对已有方法进行了全面分析,并对进一步发展的方向提出了一些见解,以促进对这些方法的正确理解和运用。

Geographic concentration of industries is extremely important to make decision for regional economic development. Research on spatial agglomeration of industries depends on the accurate estimates of their distribution. Traditional date of Herfindahl index and locational Gini index are the most common approaches used for analyzing geographic concentration of industries. In recent years, newly development indices have enhanced researches of geographic concentration of industries significantly as complement and improvement. For example, E - G index, M - S index, L function, D function and M function have become important techniques for industry spatial distribution research. These methods can be classified into two groups according to their characteristics, one is a single geographic scale methods and another is the multiple geographic scale methods based on distance. Different methods have their own merits. Combined approach is optimal and applicable to all cases. This paper is a comprehensive exploration of all the major geographic concentration approaches found in the literature, and the direction of further research is also outlined.