周期两点定标微波辐射计原理研究

Theory Research on Periodic Calibrated Microwave Radiometer

根据热辐射理论,任何温度处于绝对零度以上的物体都存在热辐射。通常用亮度温度来表征物体的辐射强度,其取决于物体本身的几何特性与介电特性。微波辐射计是用于测量物体微波辐射能量的被动遥感仪器,在军事、环境科学上都有重要的作用。阐述了微波辐射计的定标原理,介绍了周期两点定标方法,并简要描述了某毫米波成像辐射计的结构组成和工作原理。

This paper presents the theory research on the periodic calibrated microwave radiometer based on the total-power microwave radiometer. The microwave radiometer is a kind of instrument used to measure the heat radiation characteristics of the target. In fact, it is a receiver with high sensitivity since the radiation signal is extremely weak, even weaker than the receiver background noise. In this paper, the calibration theory of Microwave Radiometer is expatiated and the periodic calibration method is introduced. Finally the structure and operation principles of an imaging radiometer are described briefly.