家庭环境与4～5岁儿童行为问题关系的研究

Study on relationship between family environment and behavior problems of children at the age from 4 to 5 years

目的了解家庭环境对4～5岁儿童行为问题发生的影响，为儿童和家庭干预提供可靠的依据。方法采用自拟儿童心理卫生调查表、Achenbach’s儿童行为量表（CBCL）以及家庭环境量表中文版（YES—CV）对武汉市武昌区17所幼儿园共617名4～5岁儿童进行调查，并将结果采用SPSS10．0软件包进行数据分析。结果筛选出存在行为问题的儿童103例，检出率为16．70％，检出率高于全国常模12.19％（P〈0．05）。相关分析发现男孩行为问题的发生与其家庭环境的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、组织性、控制性因子呈负相关关系（P〈0．01），与其家庭环境的矛盾性呈正相关关系（P〈0．05）；女孩行为问题的发生与其家庭环境内外的亲密度、情感表达、成功性、知识性、娱乐性因子呈负相关关系，与其家庭环境的矛盾性呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论湖北省武汉市武昌区4～6岁儿童行为问题发生率高于全国平均水平。家庭环境特征对男女儿童不同行为问题发生的影响不同。儿童行为问题的发生与儿童的家庭环境有关。

Objective To research the effect of family environment on behavior problems of children at the age from 4 to 5 years. Methods A self-designed children psychological health questionnaire, Achenbach＇s children behavior scale （used by parents） and family environment scale （Chinese version） were used to investigate 617 children at the age from 4 to 5 years in 17 kindergartens of Wuhan. A total of 103 children （60 boys and 43 girls） with behavior problems were screened. SPSS 10.0 software package was used to analyze the data. Results The behavior problems inddence of children at the age frcrn 4 to 5 years was 16.70%, which was higher than that of Chinese nomal samples, P 〈 0.05. The behavior saores of boys were significant negative correlated with the cohesion, expressiveness, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, organization and control of the family, P〈 0.01, and positive corrdated with the conflict of the family, P 〈 0.05. The behavior scores of girls were significant negative correlated with the cohesion, expressiveness, achievenaent orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation and active-recreational orientation of the family, P 〈 0.01, and positive correlated with the conflict of the family, P 〉0.05. Conclusions The behavior problems inddence of children at the age of from 4 to 5 years in Wuhan are higher than the average level of Chinese children. The family environment has different influences on boys and girls. Children＇ behavior problems are linked with family environment.