中国内陆河流域绿洲发育度的综合评价

Integrated Assessment of Oases Maturity in Inland River Basins of China

人工绿洲是干旱区人类活动主要场所,绿洲管理和生态建设体现了人类活动的积极作用;而不适当的土地开发与经济活动又形成了对绿洲生存与可持续发展的过度压力与生态负荷。科学准确地对绿洲状态进行综合评价,已成了人们正确认识绿洲并对其进行生态建设和环境保护的重要前提。针对目前我国绿洲综合评价研究的指标单一、应用区域受限等缺陷和不足,提出了可普遍用于内陆河流域绿洲评价的指标体系——基于因子分析法的“绿洲发育度”,并以河西走廊的15个绿洲为研究对象进行了案例分析。结果表明:依据发育度综合评价值可将河西走廊绿洲划分为工业绿洲、较高开发程度的农业绿洲、中度开发的农业绿洲和衰退或较低开发程度的农业绿洲4个等级,与当地实际情况完全符合;同时,还可通过因子水平上的发育度指标对各个绿洲的优势和劣势进行准确的定量表达,为绿洲管理者和政策制定者提供简明、准确的科学依据。

The artificial oases are the main places for human activities in arid zones. Oasis management and ecological construction embody the active action of human activities, while irrational land development and economic activities exert excessive pressure and form ecological load on the existence and sustainable development of oases. Scientifically and precisely giving an integrated evaluation on the states of oases is an important prerequisite for people to correctly understand oases and launch ecological construction and environmental protection projects. In view of the facts that the evaluation indicators of oases in China are simple and they are only used in limited regions at present, this paper presents an universal evaluation indicator system of oases in inland river basins based on the ＂oasis maturity＂ obtained by factor analytical method and with the 15 oases in Hexi Corridor as study objects conducts the case analyses. The results show that in accordance with the integrated evaluation values of the maturity, the oases in the Hexi Corridor. can be divided into four classes, namely industrial oasis, highly developed agricultural oasis, moderately developed agricultural oasis and degraded or lowly developed agricultural oasis. Such a classification is entirely consistent with local situation. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various oasis are quantitatively expressed using the indicators of maturity at factorial level, and thus provide a concise and scientific basis for the oasis managers and policy-makers to manage oasis.