日粮中复合添加剂水平与猪肉品质关系的研究

Effects of adding levels of compound additives in diet on pork quality

以20 kg左右、健康的168头“大长”二元杂交阉公猪为试验动物,自行配制的肉猪用复合维生素、复合微量元素和复合生物活性物质添加剂为试验因素,采用三因素五水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计,平分成21个组(第21组为对照组),得到15种施用水平组合及其15种试验日粮,进行93 d饲养试验。结果表明,采食1号饲粮(其复合维生素、复合微量元素和复合生物活性物质分别按999.32、1 739.48和5 710.33 mg.kg-1水平组合)的第1组试猪,测定的试验指标都较佳:肉色、pH1、大理石纹、嫩度、系水力、粗蛋白、肌间脂肪和粗灰分分别达到3.33分、6.48、3.33分、57.50 N、92.50%、20.48%、6.72%和1.49%,极显著地优于对照组16.67%、4.85%、24.72%、14.75%、13.59%、6.56%、23.30%和30.70%(P<0.01);试验条件下,肉质性状的主要指标与3种复合添加剂水平呈极显著的回归关系,对二次回归数学模型寻优得出各复合添加剂(或其各个活性成分)在猪饲粮中的最佳添加量分别是复合维生素887.50 mg.kg-1(VE 283.23,VC 212.42,VB270.80,VH 0.42);复合微量元素2 191.67 mg.kg-1(Fe 130.69,Cu 191.02,Cr 0.61,Se 0.301);复合生物活性物质6 773.78 mg.kg-1[肉碱94.58 mg.kg-1,甜菜碱2 837.68 mg.kg-1,益生菌189.17亿.kg-1]。

By means of three-factor, five-level, quadratic regression general rotational combination design, 168 healthy emasculated hybrid Large White × Landrace piglets at about 20 kg body weight were randomly divided into 21 groups （the group 21 as the control group）. The self-designed experimental diets with 15 combinations of compound vitamins, microelements and bioactive additives were provided for each group during 9B-days experiment period. The results showed that the animals in group [ fed with No. [ diets（the level of compound vitamins, microelements and bioactive additives were 999. 32 mg·kg^-1, 1 739.48 mg·kg^-1,5 710. 33 mg·kg^-1 ,respectively）had the best performance ： muscle color, pH1 , marbling, muscle tenderness, water holding capacity, crude protein, intramuscular fat and crude ash were 3.33 numeric,6.48,3.33 numeric ,57.50 N,92.50% ,20.48% ,6. 72% and 1.49% , respectively, which were belter than that in the control group by 16.67% ,4. 85% ,24.72% , 14.75% , 13.59% , 6. 56% ,23.30% and 30.70% （P 〈 0.01 ） , it suggested that compound vitamins, microelements and bioactive additives were all related to the main parameters of meat quality significantly, and the optimal composition of compound vitamins, mieroelements and bioactive additives in the diets were 887.50 mg·kg^-1 （VE 283.23, VC 212.42, VB2 70.80, VH 0.42）, 2 191.67 mg·kg^-1 （Fe 130. 69,Cu 191.02,Cr 0. 61 ,Se 0. 301） ,and 6 773.78 mg·kg^-1 [Carnitine 94.58 mg·kg^-1, Betaine 2 837.68 mg·kg^-1＇, Quantity of live bacteria 189. 17 hundred million per kg ] , respectively.