腐植酸叶面肥和控释肥对水稻生长发育的影响研究

Study on Effect of Humic Acid Foliar Fertilizer and Releasing Controlled Fertilizer on Growth of Rice

在田间自然条件下研究了不同施肥处理对水稻生长发育的影响。该试验设有CK区(不施肥对照)、常规施肥区、无氮区、无磷区、无钾区、控释肥1区(施氮量等于常规施肥施氮量)、控释肥2区(施氮量为常规施肥施氮量的2/3)、常规施肥加腐植酸叶面肥区8个肥料处理。研究结果表明,不同施肥处理对水稻生长发影响很大,其中常规施肥加腐植酸叶面肥区和控释肥1区、控释肥2区叶面积大、单位面积上的穗数和实粒数多、产量高,腐植酸叶面肥区效果最好;无氮区与CK区各指标数大致相等,水稻生长发育各因素很低;无磷区、无钾区和常规施肥区各指标介于CK区与腐植酸叶面肥区之间。试验结果表明,腐植酸叶面肥因含有天然腐植酸、氮、磷、钾及微量元素,对水稻生长发育的影响明显;氮素对水稻生长发育的影响最大,其施用直接影响着水稻产量的高低;控释肥因其中营养元素缓慢释放,达到了养分供应时间长,利用率高的目的,对水稻生长发育的影响明显。

Under natural conditions, the effects of different fertilizers on rice growth were studied. 8 treatments were installed in this experiment, including CK （without any fertilizers for comparison）, routine fertilization, treatment without nitrogen, treatment without phosphor, treatment without potassium, releasing controlled fertilizer 1（the same nitrogen rate as routine）, releasing controlled fertilizer 2 （2/3 of routine nitrogen rate）, and treatment with routine fertilization and humic acid foliar fertilizer. The experimental results showed that the treatments with routine fertilization and humic acid foliar fertilizer, releasing controlled fertilizer 1 and 2 all had bigger area leaves, more fringes and solid grains per acreage, and higher production. Among them, the treatment with routine fertilization and humic acid foliar fertilizer had the highest production. Plants in treatments without nitrogen and CK grew badly, and there was no significantly difference between them. The status of rice growth in treatments without phosphor or potassium, and in routine fertilization was better than that in CK, but worse than that in routine fertilization and humic acid foliar fertilizer. The effect of humic acid foliar fertilizer on rice growth was obvious because it containd natural humic acid, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and microelements. The effect of nitrogen on rice growth was the most significant, and that of releasing controlled fertilizer was also obvious because of nutrients being released slowly.