幼年特发性关节炎全身型并发巨噬细胞活化综合征24例临床分析

Macrophage activation syndrome in Chinese children with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

目的总结巨噬细胞活化综合征的临床特征、可能的诊断指标、治疗方法及转归,提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析2003年3月至2006年2月,我院收治的24例幼年特发性关节炎全身型(SOJIA)合并巨噬细胞活化综合征(MAS)患者的临床资料,分析其临床表现、早期特征、诊断标准、可能的诱因、治疗和转归。结果24例患者,男21例,女3例,平均年龄7岁。临床表现全部患者均有高热、肝脾或(和)淋巴结进行性增大、血液系统受累,12例有中枢神经系统功能障碍,9例有易出血现象,6例有呼吸系统受累(ARDS),6例有消化系统表现,5例心脏受累。实验室检查均有血细胞减低、血清肝酶增高、乳酸脱氢酶增高、红细胞沉降率降低、高铁蛋白血症、钠离子减低、白蛋白减低及凝血功能异常,骨髓中发现吞噬血细胞,20例患者有甘油三酯增高。治疗应用甲泼尼龙加环孢素A可以达到较好的疗效。结论MAS是SOJIA的一个致死性并发症,可以造成全身各脏器的功能衰竭。提高认识、早期诊断并积极治疗是减少死亡率的关键。治疗给予甲泼尼龙冲击及环孢素A治疗往往能得到较好的疗效。

Objective To review and analyze the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of macrophage activation syndrome （MAS） in children with systemic onset juvermil rheumatoid arthritis （SOJRA） .Method Retrospective review and analysis were performed on cases with MAS from a prospectively collected database of children with SOJRA from the year of 2003 to 2006 in the Hospital. Results Twenty four patients （21 boys, 3 girls） were diagnosed as having MAS with SOJRA. Mean age of the patients with MAS at diagnosis was 7 years, and the duration prior to diagnosis of MAS was 12 months. No trigger factors were found except in one case whose MAS was triggered by use of methotrexate and in another by parvovirus B19 infection. High grade fever, new onset hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction were common clinical features in all the 24 cases （100%）. Bleeding from skin, mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tract were noted in 9 cases （38%）. Twelve （50%） cases had CNS dysfunction （high intracranial pressure, seizure and coma）. Six cases （25%） developed ARDS. One patient suffered from renal damage. The laboratory test revealed elevated live enzymes and ferritin, decreased value of ESR, albumin, complete blood count and fibrinogen in all the 24 cases. Bone marrow examination supported the diagnosis of definite hemophagocytosis in the 24 cases. Lymph node biopsy was done for one case and histopathological examination showed that the node was full of activated macrophage. As to treatment, five cases only received high dose steroids （three of them died）, 14 cases were treated with high dose steroids plus cyclosporine （one died）, two were treated with steroids plus cyclosporine and etoposide （ none died）. The causes of deaths were ARDS and CNS involvement. In three of the cases who died, treatment was given up by their parents. Conclusions MAS is a rare and potentially fatal complication of SOJRA. Most of our patients were male. Bone marrow studies support the diagnosis. CNS involvement and ARDS were poor prognostic signs. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy are essential.