汉代的疫病及其流行特点

The Epidemic Disease of Han Dynasty and Its Spreading Characteristics

根据相关文献的统计,两汉时期疫病的流行次数约为50次,其中西汉(含新朝)17次,东汉33次。两汉疫病的传播与战争关系十分密切,与战争有关的疫病约占五分之一。两汉时期的自然灾害已呈现出链发性和群发性的特点,疫病往往是在其他自然灾害发生之后流行。大体来看,疫病流行的次数东汉比西汉多,王朝后期比前期多。疫病次数的多少、流行时间的长短和疫情的大小,与国家控制疫情传播的能力有极大关系。两汉时期的疫病发生在治世的少,而在衰世和乱世则发生频繁。相对来说,两汉时期疫病的高发区在南方以及东汉的都城洛阳和关东地区。

According to the statistics of the author, the prevalence of the epidemic disease happened fifty times in the Han dynasty. In West Han dynasty （including Xin dynasty） it had seventeen times, in East Han dynasty it had thirty-three times. The prevalence of the epidemic disease was tightly connected with the war, occupying twenty percent. The natural calamity in Han Dynasty had the characteristic of continuity and collectivity, and ten epidemic diseases happened after the natural calamity. The East Han dynasty had more epidemic diseases than the West, and the last years of the dynasty had more than the beginning years. The quantity of the epidemic disease,the time of the prevalence and the degree of calamity were connected with the ability of the country. The epidemic disease happened less in flourishing age but more in troubled times, it often happened in the south,in Luoyang, the capital of East H an Dynasty, and the area of Guandong.