普通话与台湾国语声调的对比分析

The contrast on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

本文对普通话和台湾国语的单字调和语句中声调的音高、音长进行了研究．结果表明,由于受到闽南话的影响台湾国语阴平和阳平在音高表现上和相应的普通话音节有所不同;普通话上声是“曲折调”,其后半段的调型特征为“微升”,台湾国语上声是“低降调”;单念时普通话声调的时长为,上>阳>阴>去,台湾国语则为,阴>阳>上>去。二者在语句中声调的差异主要表现为:普通话阳平是“中升调”,而台湾国语阳平是“中平调”;韵律短语边界效应在台湾国语中的作用力更大;受边界效应影响时,普通话各声调音节的时长延长基本上是相同的,而台湾国语中阴平和阳平延长的程度显著大于上声和去声;时长统计结果表明,语句中普通话上声长于去声,短于阴平和阳平,而台湾国语上声则是四个声调中最短的。

The pitch and duration of monosyllables and disyllable words located in different position between Putonghua / and Taiwan mandarin were studied in this paper. The analyses revealed that tone 1 and tone 2 in Taiwan mandarin were different from corresponding tones in Putonghua because of effect of Minnan dialect. Tone 3 was flectional tone in Putonghua, and its character in second half was slight-rising, while it was low-falling in Taiwan mandarin. In Putonghua monosyllables, Four tones duration relation was tone 3〉tone 2〉tone 1〉tone 4, but in Taiwan mandarin, it was tone 1〉tone 2〉tone 3〉tone 4. The differences in sentence showed that tone 2 was mid-rlsing in Putonghua, while it was midlevel in Taiwan mandarin; the boundary effect of prosodic phrase was bigger in Taiwan mandarin than in Putonghua; in front of the prosodic phrase boundary, the effect to lengthen duration was the same in each tone of Putonghua, whereas, in Taiwan mandarin, the extent of lengthening was bigger in tone 1 and tone 2 than in tone 3 and tone 4; the statistic result indicated that tone 3 was longer than tone 4, meanwhile, shorter than tone 1 and tone 2 in Putonghua, whereas, Tone 3 was the shortest tone in Taiwan mandarin.