奶牛粪蚯蚓堆制物对生菜生长及品质的影响

Effects of Vermicompost Produced from Dairy Manure on the Growth and Quality of Lettuce

以奶牛粪为原料,研究了蚯蚓堆制处理对其物理、化学特性的影响。结果表明,奶牛粪经过蚯蚓堆制处理后,全N、全P、速效P含量显著增大;全K、速效K含量增大,但差异不显著;有机碳含量、C/N、pH值降低。为研究蚯蚓粪对生菜植株生长以及品质的影响,设计了生菜盆栽试验,分别以含10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%(质量比)蚯蚓粪的高沙土和蚯蚓粪混合基质为处理,以高沙土基质为对照,并都施用相当于生菜最适施肥量1/2的N、P、K化肥。结果表明,栽培基质中加入蚯蚓粪促进了生菜植株的生长,并且提高了品质。基质中蚯蚓粪比例为30%最有利于植株根生长,比例为50%时生菜地上部生物量最大;蚯蚓粪比例为30%～50%时,生菜植株茎、叶中Pr、Vc、可溶性糖含量明显增加,而NO-3含量降低。

Two experiments were conducted, one was designed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the vermicompost produced from dairy manure, and the other one was designed to evaluate the effects of vermicompost on the growth and quality of lettuce. The result indicated that vermicompost contained much more total N, total P and available P than dairy manure, total K and available K in vermicompost also increased but not significantly, while, the content of organic, the ratio of C/N and pH decreased. Pot experiment was used in cultivating lettuce in sand soil that had been substituted with a range of increasing concentrations （0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% by dry quality） of vermicompost, in which 0% concentration of vermicompost was the control, all the treatments were fertilized in half of the fittest scale. Vermicompost was found to not only accelerate the growth of lettuce, but also improve the quality of lettuce. Lettuce root grew best when the proportion ofvermicompost in the bedding medium was 30%, but the shoot grew best at 50%. Also, vermicompost evidently increased the contents of Pr, Vc, and dissoluble sugar in the shoot of lettuce, but lowered the amount of NO： when the proportion of vermicompost in the bedding medium was between 30% and 50%.