神经干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病研究进展

Advance in Study of Neural Stem Cells Used for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (review)

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer'sdisease,AD)是中枢神经系统一种常见的进行性神经退行性疾病,是老年前期和老年期痴呆的主要原因。近年来,神经干细胞的发现及体外培养的成功为AD的治疗提供了一个崭新的视野。神经干细胞治疗AD的目的是修复和替代受损神经细胞,重建细胞环路和功能,主要有两种途径,即内源性途径(诱导内源性神经干细胞增殖与分化,使损伤的中枢神经系统进行自我修复)和外源性途径(直接替代缺损组织或植入能分泌促进干细胞增殖与存活的因子的基因工程细胞。一旦神经干细胞的基础研究在细胞增殖、迁移、分化及与宿主融合的机制等制约临床应用的问题方面取得突破,利用神经干细胞治疗AD等引起的脑损伤将会成为现实。

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a common progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system. It＇s also a main cause for dementia in presenium and senectitude. In the past few years, the discoveries in vitro expansion of neural stem cells （NSCs） indicate a new way for recovery and replacement of damaged neurons as well as reconstruction of the neural circuit, and offer a useful future therapy for AD. There are two main promising approaches in NSCs replacement therapy. They are endogenetic ap- proach, inducing proliferation and differentiation of endogenetic NSCs, improving self-repair of central nervous system, and exoge- nous approach, ransplantation of exogenous tissue and promoting proliferation of endogenous NSCs. However, it may not become truth before the mechanism of NSCs＂ proliferation, migration, differentiation and it＇s integration with the host tissues to be elucidated.