创建安全社区之伤害调查与风险辨识方法探讨

Probe into Methods of Injury Investigation and Risk Identification in Establishing Safety Communities

从事故与伤害预防和干预的角度,提出社区事故和伤害的种类,风险识别的范围和内容。依据较为成熟的伤害流行病学和系统安全工程理论,结合中国社区的构成特点,指出以社区事故预防为目的,不仅要提高社区居民的安全意识、行为和能力,更要为居民提供安全的工作场所和居住环境,加强危险因素的识别和控制。强调对设备设施、环境进行风险识别时,应采用安全检查表法和经验法;社区人群伤害基础调查可采用普查、随机抽样、医疗机构诊疗记录、特定人群调查、特定场所调查和伤害类型调查等6种方法;同时介绍了上述方法的基本原理、内容、实施步骤和适用范围,可供安全社区创建时参考。

Authors put forward the types of community accidents and injuries, the scope and content of risk identification from the perspectives of prevention and intervention. According to the relative sophisticated theories of Injury Epidemiology in sanitation and System Safety Engineering in work safety field, the authors point out that the communities should take accident prevention as their aims by considering the composing characteristic of Chinese communities. The responsibilities of communities are not only helping residents to improve their safety awareness, behavior and ability, but also providing safe work place and living environment for residents, and paying attention to the dangerous factors identification and control. When risk identification of equipment, establishment and environment are carried out, the methods of safety check list and experience should be taken. Base line injury investigation of community population can be obtained by the methods of general survey, random sampling, and medical registration, investigating special crowds and publics and survey of injury types. The authors generalize the fundamental principles, content, carry-out steps and application extension of these methods, which can give a reference in establishing safe communities.