两种溶剂提取法提取三角褐指藻中不饱和脂肪酸的比较

采用氯仿-甲醇提取法和乙醚-石油醚提取法分别提取三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)中的不饱和脂肪酸,通过气相色谱技术分析不饱和脂肪酸的种类及其含量。结果表明,用氯仿-甲醇(2∶1,v/v)提取出C16∶1、C18∶1、C18∶3,(9,12,15)、EPA、DHA五种不饱和脂肪酸,在总值脂肪中的比例依次为9.70%、2.78%、4.53%、18.86%、3.14%;而用乙醚-石油醚(1∶2,v/v)提取出C18∶1、C18∶3(9,12,15)、EPA、DHA四种不饱和脂肪酸,在总值脂肪中的比例依次为2.28%、3.88%、12.55%、2.35%。结论:氯仿-甲醇提取法提取的不饱和脂肪酸种类多、含量高,而乙醚-石油醚提取法在食品应用上更有优势。

Using the Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultured in the laboratory as the starting raw material, the species and content of unsaturated fatty acids extracted with chloroformmethanol （2：1,v/v） and ether-petroleum ether（1：2,v/v） were analyzed by Gas Chromatography, and seven functional standard unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, including C16：1,C18：1,C18：2,C18：3（6,9,12）,C18：3（9,12,15）, EPA and DHA were used as the control samples. The results showed five species of unsaturated fatty acids, including C16：1,C18：1C18：3（9,12,15）,EPA, and DHA, were extracted by chloroform-methanol （2：1,v/v） from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and their content based on the total fatty acid are 9.70% ,2.78% ,4.53% ,18.86% and 3.14%, respectively. However, four species of UFA, including C18：1,C18：3,（9,12,15）,EPA and DHA ,were extracted by ether-petroleum ether （1：2,v/v） from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and their contents relative to the total fatty acid were 2.28%,3.88%, 12.55% and 2.35%.