论私录视听资料的证据能力

On the Credibility of Evidence of Audio-visual Material without Permitting

未经当事人同意而录制的视听材料有可能涉及被录制者的隐私。之所以规定不得采用法律所禁止的方法收集视听资料,是为了保护当事人的隐私权。传统理论认为侵犯被录制者隐私权的私录资料不具有合法性。但隐私与隐私权并不相同,对私录资料证据能力的认识须从解释论与立法论的角度分别考虑。从解释论角度,如果私录资料侵犯了他人的隐私权,那么该证据资料便会因不具备合法性而被排除在诉讼之外;如果只涉及隐私而未侵犯隐私权,便可具有证据能力。而在立法论,那些即使侵犯了隐私权的私录资料也同样具有证据能力,可以作为认定案件事实的根据,但这并不妨碍隐私权人在本案诉讼结束之后对侵权人另行提起诉讼保护自己的隐私权。

Without permitting, the right to privacy of the person concerned will be infringed upon by the audio- visual materia. So, to protect the right of privacy, this way of collecting the evidence is prohibited by law and the material is useless in litigation. But, the right of privacy is different from privacy. In my opinion, we should examine this issue from the explanation theory and the legislation theory. From the explanation theory, the audio- visual material infringing upon the privacy right can not be used in litigation owing to its illegality. But from the legislation theory, the materials both infringing upon the privacy right and privacy are the legitimate evidence. To the privacy right infringed upon, the people can bring another lawsuit to protect his own privacy right after the former litigation finished.