中国红树林生态系统服务的能值价值

Emergy Value of Mangrove Ecosystem Services in China

红树林是我国海岸湿地生态系统的重要类型之一,由于不合理的开发活动,已使我国红树林面积剧减,其提供多种服务的能力逐渐变弱。本文应用能值理论,对中国红树林生态系统服务的能值货币价值作了评估,结果表明,中国红树林生态系统服务的能值货币价值每年12.6×108元,每hm2价值9.24×104元,其中,凋落物的价值0.28×108元、木材价值0.12×108元、栖息地价值6.39×108元、抗风消浪价值1.05×108元、污染物处理价值4.76×108元、科学研究价值0.0206×108元。另外,根据能值理论和生态系统服务的时间尺度,提出了生态系统服务流量价值和存量价值的概念,并应用于中国红树林生态系统的计算。这方面的量化研究,为保护红树林生态系统及其服务的可持续利用提供了科学依据。

Mangroves are woody plants that grow at the interface between land and sea in tropical and subtropical latitudes. These plants, and the associated microbes, fungi, plants, and animals, constitute the mangrove forest community or mangal. The mangal and its associated abiotic factors constitute the mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove ecosystem is a very important category of the wetland systems in China. It has important direct and indirect economic, ecological and social values to human being. However, the mangrove area of China has been severely reduced during the past fifty years by destroying mangroves as agricultural fields, aquaculture mangrove ecosystems continue ponds, and to be used urban construction and so on. An important reason why in unsustainable ways is that their economic value is not and often the economic valuations of mangroves only include the direct uses and products of mangroves, which only represent part of the total value of mangroves. The non-market values, such as biodiversity and nutrient export, are not easily quantified but have shown to be significant. Through estimated the emergy China used in our a study of the energy flows, and using the value of the mangrove ecosystem in China. analysis method of emergy analysis, this paper The ecosystem services of mangrove in include organic matter production, raw materials, habitat, disturbance regulation ,waste treatment and education. The organic matter production is leaf litter and detrital matter, which are valuable sources of food for animals in estuary and coastal waters. The raw materials are the production of timber. The habitat is the capacity of mangrove ecosystem to provide refuge and reproduction habitat to wild animals, especially wild birds. The disturbance regulation is the capacity of mangrove ecosystem to protect and stabilize the coastlines. The wastewater treatment services can be assessed based on the data concerning the capacity of mangroves to remove nutrients from adjacent waters. The education relates to the unlimited opportunities for nature study. The results show that total emergy money value of mangrove ecosystem services in China, which covers 13 646hm^2, adds up to 12.6 × 10^8 Yuan （Chinese RMB） ,of which,about 2 826.58 × 10^4 Yuan of litter fall,about 1 170.81 × 10^4 Yuan of biomass, about 63 866.15 × 10^4 Yuan of habit,about 10 473.30 × 10^4 Yuan of storm prevention,about 47 567.13 × 10^4 Yuan of waste treatment, and about 206.86× 10^4 Yuan of scientific study. In addition, the concepts of the emergy flow value and the emergy storage value of ecosystem services were analyzed and discussed with the details of mangrove ecosystem in China.