深圳市1990～2005年职业病发病情况分析

Analysis on the incidence of occupational diseases in Shenzhen from 1990 to 2005

目的了解深圳市职业病的发病情况,为职业病防治提供依据。方法根据职业病诊断档案和事故调查资料,对1990～2005年的职业病的发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果16年间共发生职业病343宗、职业病896例(急性486例、慢性410例),死亡40例,以1996和2001年发病人数最高,构成比分别为16.1%和20.9%,2002年以后呈下降趋势;职业病以有机溶剂危害为主(60.0%),其中以正己烷、三氯乙烯危害高发为特点,主要发生在电子、机械五金和印刷企业;死亡病例主要见于三氯乙烯(50.0%)、CO(15.0%)和CO2(12.5%)、二氯乙烷危害(7.5%)。结论2002年《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》实施以来,群发职业病得到控制,急、慢性发病人数逐年下降。职业病是人为因素造成的,但可以预防。

Objective To understand the incidence of occupational diseases in Shenzhen. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the status of occupational diseases in Shenzhen from 1990 to 2005 by analysing the information of occupational disease diagnosis and investigation. Results There were 896 cases of occupational diseases occurred in the last 16 years （486 acute cases and 410 chronic cases, 40 of which were dead）. The incidence was high in 1996 （ 16. 1% ） and 2001 ,（20. 9% ） and showing a decreasing trend since 2002. 60% cases of occupational diseases were caused by organic solvent exposure such as the n-hexane and trichloroethylene in electronic, machinery hardware and printing industry. Most of the death cases were caused by trichlorocthylene, CO, CO2 and dichloroethane, the percentages being 50. 0%, 15.0%, 12. 5% and 7.5% respectively. Conclusion The number of acute and chronic occupational disease patients had decreased year by year since the Law on Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment was brought into effect in 2002. Occupational diseases are caused by man-made factors but can be prevented.