上海城市绿地生境中春季大型土壤动物群落结构研究

Community Structure of Soil Macro-invertebrate in Greenbelt Habitat in Shanghai.

2006年春季对上海市区不同绿地生境进行采样,其中包括学校:华东师范大学校区绿化乔木类型(A),草地类型(B);居住区:师大一村草地类型(C);路旁绿地:浦东生态林乔木类型(D);公园:上海植物园乔木类型(E),草地类型(F);工业区:宝钢乔木类型(G),草地类型(H);废弃地:南汇老港垃圾填埋场乔木类型(I),共获得大型土壤动物1 930只,分别隶属于3门8纲18目。研究结果表明:大型土壤动物群落优势类群为:中腹足目、等足目、后孔寡毛目、膜翅目,常见类群为鞘翅目、近孔寡毛目、半翅目、蜘蛛目、石蜈蚣目,其余均为稀有类群。不同城市绿地生境中土壤动物群落组成和个体数各异。群落-密度指数IDG和群落复杂性指数C比Shannon-W iener指数H′更能体现群落的复杂性与多样性,且能修正不同类群个体数对多样性的影响。对大型土壤动物群落进行聚类和排序的结果显示,9种城市绿地生境可以分为6大类:浦东路旁绿地、植物园及工业区乔木类型,植物园及工业区的草地类型,居住区草地类型,校园乔木类型,校园草地类型,废弃地乔木类型。

In the spring of 2006, nine greenbehs in Shanghai, i.e. evergreen woods （A） and grassland （B）in school; grassland in a dwelling district （C） ;roadside ecological woods in Pudong （D） ;woods （E） and grassland （F） in the Shanghai Arboretum; woods （G） and grassland （H） in an industrial area; and woods in deserted land, Laogang landfill（I） ,were investigated for soil macro-invertebrate communities. A total of 1 930 soil macro-invertebrate individuals were found belonging to 18 orders, 8 classes, and 3 phylums. Among them, Mesogastropoda, Isopoda, Olignchacta opisthopora and Hymenoptera, were dominant orders, and Coleoptera, Oligochacta plesiopora, Hemiptera, Araneae and Lithobiomorphy, common orders, With the rest being rare orders. Soil macrofauna community varied significantly in composition and population from site to site. To be an indicator of complexity and diversity of the communities, the intensity index （ IDC ） and the complexity index （C）. of community was better than the Shannon-Wiener index （H＇）, and could adjust influence of the number of individuals of different communities on diversity. Results of hierarchical clustering of soil macrofauna using PC-ORD software show that the nine communities could be classified into six groups：（D,E,G） ,（F,H） ,C,A,B and I.