全国医院感染横断面调查结果的变化趋势研究

Study on the changing trends in national nosocomial infection transection investigation results

目的评价我国医院感染横断面调查结果的变化趋势。方法对2001年、2003年与2005年三次全国医院感染横断面调查结果进行比较分析。结果2001年的医院感染现患率为5.22%,与2003年的现患率4.81%和2005年的现患率4.77%比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。各部位感染现患率:泌尿道由0.71%下降至0.55%(P<0.01),胃肠道由0.47%下降至0.29%(P<0.01),手术部位由0.68%下降至0.46%(P<0.01),皮肤软组织由0.46%下降至0.30%(P<0.01);下呼吸道由1.80%上升至1.94%(P<0.01),菌血症由0.07%上升至0.10%(P<0.05);上呼吸道、腹腔内组织、血管相关感染及其他部位感染的差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。抗菌药物使用率由55.46%降低至48.42%(P<0.01);一联用药构成比由58.99%升高至66.50%,而二联、三联用药构成比分别由34.62%、6.39%下降至30.45%、3.05%(P<0.05)。结论我国医院感染控制工作取得良好成效。

Objective To investigate the changing trends in national nosoeomial infection transection investigation results. Methods The transection investigation on nosocomial infection results in the years of 2001,2003 and 2005 were compared and analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of infection was 5.22% in the year of 2001, which had siginifican difference compared with prevalence rate of infection in the year of 2003 （4. 81%） and 2005（4. 77%） （P〈 0. 01）. The prevalence rate of infection in urinary tract dropped from 0. 71% to 0. 55%（P〈0. 01）, gastrointestinal tract dropped from 0.47% to 0.29%（P〈0. 01）, surgical site dropped from 0. 68% to 0. 46% （P〈0. 01）, skin and soft tissue dropped from 0. 46% to 0. 30% （P〈0. 01）; lower respiratory tract rose from 1.80% to 1.94% （P〈0. 01 ）, bacteremia rose from 0. 07 % to 0. 10 % （P〈0. 05） ; There were no significant difference in the prevalence rate of infection among upper respiratory tract , intraabdominal cavity, blood vessel and the other sites infec tion （P〉0. 05） . The usage rate of antimierobial agents dropped from 55. 46% to 48.42% （P〈0. 01） ; the constituent ratio of single antimicrobial usage increased from 58. 99% to 66. 50%, while the constituent ratio of two antimi erobial combined and three combined antimicrobial usage dropped from 34. 62% to 30. 45% and 6. 39% to 3.05% respectively（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Nosoeomial infection control work in our country has made considerable headway.