沉默的大多数:差序格局与环境抗争

The Silent Majority:Chaxu Geju and Environmental Action in Urban China

2003年全国综合社会调查显示,城镇居民在遭受环境危害后,只有38.29%的人进行过抗争,高达61.71%的人选择了沉默。对这一现象的研究发现,一个人社会经济地位越高、社会关系网络规模越大或势力越强、关系网络的疏通能力越强,对环境危害作出抗争的可能性就越高,反之则选择沉默的可能性越高。据此可以认为,中国城镇居民面对环境危害时的行为反应深受差序格局的影响;在遭受环境危害后之所以有抗争或沉默的行为差异,是由于在差序格局下,不同社会经济地位的人通过社会关系网络所能支配和调用的资源不同。

In China GSS 2003 conducted in urban area, when confronted with the reported environmental hazards, only 38.29% of the respondents acted up to protest, while 61.71% kept silent, taking no action at all. Moreover, it is found that the higher one＇s socio-economic status, larger one＇s network size and more potent one＇s network influence, the more possibly one took actions. This article attests that the variation of action or inaction, is the function of chaxu geju （approximately means ＂differential mode of association＂）, a China-characteristic particularism, under which, people with differential socio-economic status can count differentially on one＇s own network to gather the resources for envi- ronmental action.