社区性组织与过渡性制度安排——中国乡镇企业的制度属性探讨

Community Character and Transitional Character:a Second Reflection on the Basic Character of China's Town and Village Entrerprisers

乡镇企业是中国体制转型和经济发展过程中出现的一种过渡性企业组织形式,其过渡性来源于它的基本特征社区性,其社区性具体表现在目标的社区性、资源获取的社区性和管理的社区性三个方面。乡镇集体企业与乡镇个体私营企业由于产权制度安排的不同而在社区性程度上存在着差别,由此决定了这两类乡镇企业在资源获取和资源使用或者说经营管理上的效率差别。随着中国经济体制市场化改革的深化,两类乡镇企业在效率竞争中的优劣地位发生了换位,这是推动乡镇集体企业改制和产权明晰化的根本动力。乡镇集体企业的产权制度改革使其社区化程度退减,乡镇企业也就逐渐转型为一般意义的企业。

The town and village enterprisers （TVEs） are a kind of transitional enterprises during China＇s system reformation and economic development. Their basic characteristic is community character which embodies objective, resource and management. Collective TVEs are different from individual private TVEs in property, which decides how effectively they obtain and use resource. With the progress of China＇s marketizism, these two kinds of TVEs interchange their roles, which is the main motive of Collective TVEs＇property reform. This reform leads to the disappearance of their community characters, and TVEs gradually turn into common sense enterprisers.