刺桐姬小蜂生物学特性研究

Bionomics of the erythrina gall wasp,Quadristichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)

刺桐姬小蜂QuadrastichuserythrinaeKim是新近发现的重要检疫性有害生物,在新加坡、毛里求斯、留尼汪、中国台湾、美国夏威夷和中国大陆深圳对刺桐属植物造成严重危害。本文结合田间观察和室内实验对刺桐姬小蜂生物学特性进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明:刺桐姬小蜂成虫活动与温度、光照密切相关。补充营养能显著延长雌成虫寿命,但对雄成虫寿命无影响。成虫性比随环境温度变化而变化。该虫的平均怀卵量为275·8粒,30℃时成虫的产卵量和产卵率最高,分别为203·63粒和73·83%。发育起点温度和世代有效积温分别为13·37℃和458·27日·度。温度与发育历期呈显著的负相关(r**=-0·9161)。

The erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, is an important quarantine pest. It has caused severe damage in Singapore, Mauritius, Reunion, American Hawaii, Chinese Taiwan, and recently in Chinese continental Shenzhen. The bionomics of the erythrina gall wasp was systematically observed and studied both in field and in the laboratory. The results indicated that adult activity, longevity, mating and oviposition of the wasp were related significantly to temperature and light, in which they were living. The female longevity was prolonged by supplementary nutrition, but the male not. The sex ratio also changed with environmental temperature. The average number of eggs born per female were 275.8. The fecundity and the oviposition rate, highest at 30℃, were 203.63 eggs and 73.83 %, respectively. The thermal threshold and the effective accumulated temperature for the development were 13.37℃ and 458.27 degree-days respectively. The developmental duration was interrelated negatively with temperature （r=-0. 9161 ）.