西梅果皮色素提取及其稳定性研究

Study on extration technology and the stability of natural pigment from Prunus

对西梅果皮色素的提取工艺及其稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，西梅果皮色素在紫外和可见光范围内分别在280和510nm处有明显的吸收峰，属于花色苷类化合物。西梅果皮色素以水作为提取溶剂，在浸提温度为75℃，浸提时澡为3h，料液比为1：12条件下提取效果最佳。西梅果皮色素在pH2．0～5．0酸性条件下较稳定；在试验添加范围内，Na2SO3、葡萄糖、柠檬酸、山梨酸钾及Fe^3＋等对西梅果皮色素有一定的降解作用；蔗糖、苯甲酸钠及K^＋，Zn^2＋，Cu^2＋，Al^3＋对西梅果皮色素的稳定性无明显影响；Vc对西梅果皮色素有一定的护色作用；该色素具有良好的热稳定性（T〈80℃），高温（100℃）对其稳定性有显著影响；光照2d对西梅果皮色素稳定性的影响不明显，但长时间日光照射对色素的稳定性有显著影响。

In this study the extraction technology and the stability of Prunus salicina Lind were investigated. The result showed that water was the best extraction solution,and at the temperature of 75℃ ,the appropriate ratio between raw materials and solution was 1 ：12,the extraction time was 3 h,the extraction effect was the best. The pigment had two obvious absorption maximums which were 280 nm and 510 nm respectively. It was steady while the pH value was between 2.0 to 5.0,but the maximum absorbency was minished when the pH value ascended. The addition of Na2SO3 ,glucose,citric acid and Fe^3＋ had obvious effects on stability of this pigment while sucrose,preserves ,K^＋ ,Zn^2＋ ,Cu^2＋ and Al^3＋ had not obvious effect on stability of the pigment;Vc was found to protect the color of this pigment. Besides,this pigment was steady when the temperature was under 80℃ ,the temperature of 100 ℃ could break the stability of this pigment. Illumination had obvious effect on the stability of this pigment.