山区微小流域新型生态农业产业链构建——以三峡库区重庆万州陈家沟小流域为例

Constructing a New Type of Eco-agricultural Industry for Small Watershed in the Mountain Area——A Case Study of the Chenjiagou Watershed in Wanzhou,Chongqing

针对三峡库区小流域特有生态环境背景和社会经济情况,立足于多年田间定位观测和模式运营跟踪,以微小流域为单元设计生态农业产业链,构建适合库区农业发展的坡地与低山平坝地果草收与种养(FPH—PB)复合生态农业模式,并从供需层面设计模式运行机制。与库区传统CK模式和广泛耕作的单纯果园模式对比,FPH—PB模式达到了较好经济效益和生态效益,特别在水土流失减小效应上,该模式可有效控制地表径流产流量并降低土壤侵蚀,最终减少入江泥沙含量;模式宏观运营依托高校、科研院所及政府进行技术开发和指导,面向以公司企业为媒介的加工增殖环节及直接消费层面,以实时的科技和市场信号注入农产品产供销过程中,实现库区农业产业化进程。

In accordance with the specific eco-environmental background and socioeconomic characteristics, a field experiment was conducted to deal with the characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem pattern and its operation status. By considering the abundant hill and mountain resources in the Yangtze River, the agricultural ecosystem pattern named FPH-PB was designed in unit of small watershed in order to adjust measures for local conditions. The FPH - PB pattern integrates the support-and-demand relation and operation mechanism and its applicability. Comparing to the traditional cropping pattern of CK and widely used pattern of pure pear orchard, the FPB-PH pattern provides higher economic and ecological benefits, especially in reducing soil loss. With the help of technologic exploitation and instruction from universities and academies, the FPH-PB pattern orients direct consumers and intermediary processing industries, provides experience of small watershed management and speedups the industrialization of agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.