宁波市城区居民体育锻炼影响因素分析

The Analysis of Influnce Factors About Physical Exercise of the Residents in the Urban Communities

目的了解宁波市城市社区居民的体育锻炼现状,发现影响因素并制定和实施体育锻炼的健康促进策略。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对城市6区的15～69岁的2400名居民进行问卷调查,调查采用自填或访谈的形式进行。结果参考美国CDC/ACSM的1995年推荐的运动量标准(每周至少3次,每次进行至少30min的中等强度的体育锻炼),宁波市城市社区居民的体育锻炼达标率为15.6%,每天静坐时间在5h以上的占64.2%。文化程度、年龄、收入、高血压、慢支、周围的人支持度和自我效能是促进体育锻炼的积极因素,而吸烟、看电视和是否需要照顾老人、小孩或病人是阻碍参加体育锻炼的消极因素。“没有时间”成为了社区居民不经常锻炼的最主要的原因。结论要特别注重中青年的体育锻炼的健康促进,增强其自主参加的意识,同时要注意宣传中等强度的运动,合理营养和增强居民的自我效能期望等健康教育策略。

OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation of the residents of Ningbo urban communities and explore the relating urban factors to make and implement some healthy promotion strategies about physical exercise. METHODS Taking the way of multistage random sampling and investigation of self-administration or interview by an investigator, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 400 residents （15-69） from the six municipal districts. RESULTS According to the physical activity recommendation from CDC/ACSM in 1995 （≥30 minutes of moderated-intensity physical activity on ≥3days/week）, only 15.6% residents have met the recommendation and 64.2% have been sedentary for over 5 hours everyday. The education level, age, incoming, hypertension, bronchitis, are the positive factors. A lack of time has been the most important barrier to participation in physical exercise. CONCLUSIONS We should pay more attention on the healthy promotion about physical exercise among the youth and middle aged to enhance their self-determina- tion awareness specially and publicize some knowledge about moderate-intensity physical activity and reasonable nutrition to improve the residents＇ self-efficacy expectation.