分娩期会阴体形态学研究

Study on the morphology of perineal body during delivery

目的：通过分娩期会阴形态学观察，为指导会阴切开术及会阴裂伤修补提供参考依据。方法：随机抽取423例初产妇，在胎头拨露时对会阴的伸展度、弹性度及厚薄度进行测量。结果：会阴的伸展度由正常状态的2～3cm，在拨露期可达到5～10cm，伸展度达6-7cm者占77．07％。根据分娩期会阴体的改变，将会阴分为3型：普通型、肥厚型及瘦薄型。结论：分娩时应根据胎儿体重及会阴体的分型，决定是否行会阴切开术。普通型尽可能保护会阴，可选择性行会阴切开术；肥厚型一般采用正中切开；瘦薄型及早做好会阴侧切准备。

Objective： To observe the morphology of perineal body, provide some consults for practicing episiotomy or perineorrhaphy. Methods： Range of extension, degree of elasticity and thickness were measured for 423 random primipara when they were during the head visible on vulval gapping. Results： Perineum was extended from 2 -3 cm in normal condition to 5 - 10 cm during the head visible on vulval gapping. 77.07% primiara＇s perineum was extended to 6 - 7 cm. According to the change of perineal body in delivery, perineum were divided into three types： popular type, thick type and thin type. Conclusion： According to fetal weight and type of perineum, we should determine that we whether practice episiotomy or not during delivery.. For popular type, we should defend perineum as far as possible, we can also select episiotomy. For thick type, we should usually select median episiotomy. For thin type, to prepare lateral episiotomy as early as possible.