论关键能力和行动导向教学——概念发展、理论基础与教学原则

Discussion on Key Competency and Action-oriented Teaching——Concept Development,Theoretic Basis and Teaching Principle

20世纪70年代,德国职教界提出了关键能力的概念,意指那些与一定的专业实际技能不直接相关但对个体生涯发展起关键作用的知识、能力和技能。其后,在不断地讨论与质疑中,对关键能力的讨论逐渐演化成了对职业行动能力的讨论,使"关键能力培养"成为一种教育模式走进了职业教育实践,形成了行动导向教学,其具体实施原则为:行动能力应通过实际行动获得和发展,以学生的经验和兴趣为导向,等等。

In 1970s, the vocational education world in Germany put forward the concept of key competency, which indicate the knowledge, competency and skills that don＇t have direct relationship with specialty practice skills, but play essential role in individual career development. Subsequently, along with continuous discussion and suspicion, discussion on key competency gradually become the discussion on professional action competency, make ＂the cultivation of key competency＂ turn into a kind of educational model and walk into vocational education practice, ultimately, forming action-oriented teaching, and its material implementation principles are： actional competency should acquire and develop through practical action, take students＂ experiences and interests as the orientation, etc.