基于单片机的高精度超声波测距系统

Ultrasonic Distance Measure System with High Precision Based on Single-chip Microcomputer

研制了一种收发一体式超声波测距系统,介绍了发射驱动及接收转换电路、随时间变化的自动增益控制(AGC)电路及环境温度补偿电路的电路结构,详细阐述了发射驱动及接收转换电路的工作机理及实现方式,提出了解决收发一体式超声波测距电路难题的新方法,设计的自动增益控制(AGC)电路,有效地解决了回波信号过于微弱而导致系统测量误差加大的难题。在此基础上,设计了相应的超声波测距系统的软件。在实验室对系统进行了实地测试,给出了实测结果并分析了产生误差的原因。实验表明,该测距系统具有较高的测量精度。

The principle and the framework of an ultrasonic distance measure system with a transmitting receipting sensor are described, the circuits structure of exciting ultrasonic switch to receiver, samping environmental temperature, and automatic gain control （AC, C） along with time transfomation are detailed, the work mechanism and implementary mode of thus the circuits structure of exciting ultrasonic switch to receiver are expatiated, a new method which resolve transmitting receipting circuits in ultrasonic distance measure system is brought forward, and the measuring errors owing to feeble echo wave are decreased by automatic gain control （ AGC） circuits. Based on this idea, the software of ultrasonic distance measure system have been designed. This system is tested faithfully in our ry, then the measure results are enumerated and the measuring errors are analyzed. The measuring precision of ultrasonic distance measure system is indicated higher by this experiment.