国有企业改制对就业的影响——来自11个城市的证据

The Impact of SOE Reform on Employment: Evidence from 11 Cities

在20世纪90年代中后期,中国工业企业的就业规模大幅度下降,许多人认为,企业改制是其主要原因。本文通过对11个城市386家企业从1995年到2001年的面板数据的研究,评估了企业改制对就业的影响。我们的面板数据回归结果显示,和一般印象相反,改制显著地减缓了就业的下降趋势。我们还发现,改制对企业的就业增长有持续的和递增的积极作用。即使在控制了企业的绩效、就业条件、资产结构以及改制前就业历史之后,我们仍然得到相同的结论。另外,我们还使用了倾向分值匹配基础上的差分内差分方法对我们的结果进行了验证,也得到了相似的结论。

This paper evaluates the impact of privatization on firm employment using a panel dataset of 386 firms in China in the period 1995-2001. Controlling firm and year fixed effects, our panel regressions find that employment grows faster in privatized firms than in pure state-owned finns by a margin of 17.7 percentage points over the base year of 1995. We also study the dynamic impact of privatization on employment growth and find that the performance of privatized firms improves over time. These findings are robust even after we control other performance and financial variables as well as the pre-privatization employment history of pfivatized firms. In addition, we employ the difference-in-difference propensity score matching method to check the robustness of our results. The estimates confirm the regression-based results.