人工光型密闭式植物工厂的设计与环境控制

Design and environment control of closed plant factories with artificial lighting

完全使用人工光源的密闭式植物工厂就是以最小限的物质、能源和资源消耗为前提实现适度环境控制的系统,可用来进行高品质种苗生产。研究利用不透光的绝热材料在中国农业大学建成了2套示范型密闭式植物工厂,利用与植物光合吸收光谱特性近似的荧光灯作为人工光照源、层流循环送回风及粗效/高效过滤有效地调控植物生产空间的物理环境和洁净度。经过两年的实际运行表明该密闭式植物工厂的空气洁净度达到了国家标准M7级。面积为15 m2的组织培养间在荧光灯的光照度分别为(47±8),(67±12)和(113±21)μmol/m2/s时,控制点的温度变化分别为(25.4±0.5),(25.3±0.7)和(25.5±0.7)℃,相对湿度变化分别为(63±4)%,(65±6)%和(63±7)%,CO2浓度变化为(803±13)μL/L。因此,该人工光型密闭式植物工厂作为一种清洁高效的新型生产模式能够达到适度的环境控制和较高的洁净度,且植物生产空间的环境差异较小,适用于高品质种苗和高附加价值的药草或香料植物的大规模生产。

Closed plant factories with artificial lighting were developed to support suitable environment for high-quality commercial transplant production by using minimum materials, energy and resource consumption. Two pilot closed plant factories using fluorescent lamps as artificial lighting that were similar to plant photosynthetic spectral property, were constructed by opaque thermal insulated materials in China Agricultural University. They were controlled at a suitable physical environment and high cleanness by using recycled ventilation in laminar flow and filtration with polyfiber prefilters and high efficiency particulate air filters. Through two years operation, the cleanness with M7-grade national standard in the closed plant factories was obtained. The environment levels of control point in the floor area of 15 m^2 for tissue culture were controlled with temperature at （25.4±0.5）℃, （25.3±0.7）℃ and （25.5±0.7）℃, relative humidity at （63±4）%, （65±6）%, and （63± 7）%, and CO2 concentration at （803±13）μL/L as light intensity of the fluorescent lamps at （47±8）, （67±12）, and （113±21） μtmol· m^-2 · s^-1, respectively. Therefore, the closed plant factory with artificial lighting as a new-type production pattern with elean and high-efficiency requirement is available in uniform environment and suitable cleanness for high-quality transplant and value-added medical or herb plant production on large scale.