不同栽培方式下小麦灌浆期群体素质的研究

Wheat Population Quality at Milk Filling Stage under Different Cultivation System

为进一步明确小麦垄作栽培的增产机理,以济麦20号为供试品种,于灌浆中期对垄作小麦和平作小麦分别进行大田层切,研究了垄作栽培对小麦灌浆中期群体素质的影响。结果表明,与传统平作栽培相比,垄作栽培条件下,小麦灌浆中期群体从底部到顶部各层次相对光强增加,以40-50 cm增加幅度最大,群体内光分布得到优化;各层次单位面积功能叶片(绿色叶片)、功能叶鞘(绿色叶鞘)和茎秆干重增加,枯叶片干重减少,尤以中、下部较为明显;穗层上部穗干重大幅度增加,下落穗减少,穗层整齐。这些群体指标的改善,证明垄作栽培麦田群体素质较高,有利于高产低耗目标的实现。

In order to investigate the mechanism of increasing yield of raised bed planting system with furrow irrigation, Jimai 20, a commercial wheat variety in Shandong province was used to analyse the structure of population canopy at grain filling stage under two different cultivation system of raised bed planting （RBP） with furrow irrigation and conventional flat planting （FP） with flood irrigation. The results showed that compared to conventional flat planting, the advantages of wheat population for raised bed planting with furrow irrigation were as follows： firstly, different layers from surface of soil to top of the population canopy could capture much more solar radiation, especially in layer of 40 -50 cm canopy, and solar vertical distribution in population canopy was improved significantly; Secondly, the dry weight of green leaves, green sheaths and stems in each layers from the surface of soil to top of the canopy was increased significantly, but dry weight of the yellow leaves was decreased markedly, especially in middle and low layers of the population canopy; Finally, the vertical distribution of dry weight of spikes had significant difference between raised bed planting and flat planting, the center of gravity of dry weight of spikes under raised bed planting was higher than that of flat planting, that is to say, the spikes of raised bed planting concentrated in upper layer of the canopy than that of flat planting and the spikes was much more trimness than that of flat planting. Above all, raised bed planting could improve wheat population quality, and was benefital to establishing wheat population with high efficiency.